同学们好，今天这篇解析来自剑15最难的一篇真题文章Why fairy tales are really scary tales.
这篇真题的题目在原文中用到大量的上下文意思的替换，对经验不足的同学来讲，难以准确定位。希望大家在备考阅读的过程中多练习略读+平行解题的技巧，这也是今后官方的出题趋势哦
下面，这篇文章的解析就开始了噢！
整体分析
| 标题 | Why fairy tales are really scary tales |
| 题型 | 句子完成题（27-31）、选词填空（32-36）、单选题（37-40） |
| 难度 | ★★★★★ |
段落分析
三种题型都是顺序题，出题方式大致是按照题型分布在不同的段落中，在第四段中出现题型的重叠，另外单选题的跨度较大
|
句子完成题 |
选词填空 |
单选题 |
|
| 第一段 |
27 |
/ |
/ |
| 第二段 |
28，29 |
/ |
/ |
| 第三段 |
30 |
/ |
/ |
| 第四段 |
31 |
32 |
37 |
| 第五段 |
/ |
33 |
/ |
| 第六段 |
/ |
34 |
/ |
| 第七段 |
/ |
35 |
/ |
| 第八段 |
/ |
36 |
/ |
| 第九段 |
/ |
/ |
38，39 |
| 第十段 |
/ |
/ |
40 |
题目详解
Question 27（句子完成题）
| 关键词 | In fairy tales, details of the plot |
| 原文出处 | In the story of Little Red Riding Hood that European children are familiar with, a young girl on the way to see her grandmother meets a wolf and tells him where she is going, The wolf runs on ahead and disposes of the grandmother, then gets into bed dressed in the grandmother’s clothes to wait for Little Red Riding Hood…… In some versions, the wolf swallows up the grandmother, while in others it locks her in a cupboard. In some stories Red Riding Hood gets the better of the wolf on her own, while in others a hunter or a woodcutter hears her cries and comes to her rescue. |
| 同义替换 | details of the plot = 全段上下文 considerable global variation = European children are familiar with / In some versions / In some stories |
| 此题重点 | 答案：C 此题很难，题干中的details of the plot 的意思是故事情节中的细节，从词问题可以推断出原文很难找到相关的定位词，因此对同学们的段落略读能力有很大的考验。根据上面已标红的细节可以了解，本段引用了小红帽的童话故事，而原文有提到不同的版本有很大的细节上的差异，因此答案选C |
Question 28（句子完成题）
| 关键词 | Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fairy tales |
| 原文出处 | The universal appeal of these tales is frequently attributed to the idea that they contain cautionary messages: in the case of Little Red Riding Hood, to listen to your mother, and avoid talking to strangers, ‘It might be what we find interesting about this story is that it’s got this survival-relevant information in it,‘ says anthropologist Jamie Tehrani at Durham University in the UK. But his research suggests otherwise. |
| 同义替换 | reject the idea = his research suggests otherwise useful lessons for life = survival-relevant information |
| 此题重点 |
答案:B 2）通过题目中的useful lessons for life 可以锁定原文范围为上面红色部分的内容，原文意思是说我们被故事吸引的原因是因为它含有警告信息。 3）答案B与题目组合在一起的意思：童话故事中的对生存有用的信息是这些童话故事能保留至今的原因，而Tehrani反对这个观点 |
Question 29（句子完成题）
| 关键词 | Various theories about the social significance of fairy tales |
| 原文出处 | ‘We have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history and prehistory of storytelling, despite the fact that we know this genre is an incredibly ancient one.’ He says. That hasn’t stopped anthropologists, folklorists and other academics devising theories to explain the importance of fairy tales in human society. |
| 同义替换 | social significance = the importance of fairy tales in human society without factual basis = huge gap / this genre is an incredibly ancient one |
| 此题重点 |
答案：F 3）上文的意思是说我们的对童话故事的了解从历史上来说出现了断层，尽管我们知道这种写作体裁非常的古老 4）答案F与题目组合在一起的意思是：各种关于童话故事的社会重要性的理论是在缺少事实依据的条件下发展起来的 |
Question 30（句子完成题）
| 关键词 | Insights into the development of fairy tales |
| 原文出处 | 第三段整段 |
| 同义替换 |
development = evolve method = approach biological research = biologists compare the characteristics of living species |
| 此题重点 |
答案：A 2）答案A与题目组合在一起的意思是：对童话故事的发展的深入了解可以通过生物学研究的方法提供 |
Question 31（句子完成题）
| 关键词 | All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani |
| 原文出处 | Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. |
| 同义替换 | analyse = check oral traditions = spoken rather than written |
| 此题重点 |
答案:E 2）题目问的是Tehrani所分析到的所有童话故事，原文用到了数量词做替换，提到他最后记录到了58份故事，通过字面来讲，all 和58肯定不一样，但从上下文意思看，他所记录到的58个故事也就是他所分析到的所有故事，因此还是强调学生要具有上下文的略读能力 |
Question 32（选词填空）
| 关键词 | Tehrani used techniques from evolutionary biology to find out if __n.__existed among 58 stories from around the world. |
| 原文出处 | Checking for variants of these two tales and similar stories from Africa, East Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions. Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time |
| 同义替换 | related = link |
| 此题重点 | 1）通过58 stories 定位到原文 2）后一句的they 指代的就是58 stories，因此 they were indeed related 可以得到答案为D选项的links |
Question 33（选词填空）
| 关键词 | He also wanted to know which aspects of the stories had fewest _ n.___, as he believed these aspects would be the most important ones. |
| 原文出处 | First he tested some assumptions about which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance. |
| 同义替换 | fewest = least |
| 此题重点 | 此题较简单，通过aspect，important可以定位到原文的第一句，通过alter least 可以得到答案为F选项的variations |
Question 34（选词填空）
| 关键词 | Contrary to other beliefs, he found that some __n.__ that were included in a story tended to change over time, and that the middle of a story seemed no more important than the other parts. |
| 原文出处 | ‘Certain episodes are very stable because they are crucial to the story, but there are lots of other details that can evolve quite freely,’ he says. Neither did his analysis support the theory that the central section of a story is the most conserved part. |
| 同义替换 | change = evolve middle = central |
| 答案 | 1）通过the middle of a story 可以定位到原文的the central section，再通过题目的并列词and…no more important 与原文neither 的替换关系可以锁定答案为and之前的文字。 2）题目问的是什么会随着时间改变，原文是lots of other details that can evolve quite freely 因此答案为details的同义词events，答案选B. |
Question 35（选词填空）
| 关键词 | He was also surprised that parts of a story which seemed to provide some sort of __n.___were unimportant. |
| 原文出处 | But the really big surprise came when he looked at the cautionary elements of the story. |
| 同义替换 | cautionary elements =warning |
| 答案 | 此题较简单，通过surprised定位到原文really big surprise, 之后的cautionary elements 等于答案C的warning |
Question 36（选词填空）
| 关键词 | The aspect that he found most important in a story’s survival was __n.__ |
| 原文出处 | （上一段末尾）What, then, is important enough to be reproduced from generation to generation? （本段）The answer, it would appear, is fear … |
| 同义替换 | most important = important enough fear = horror |
| 答案 | 此题较简单，通过fear 的同义词horror 选出答案G，需要留意的是这道题的定位点位于上一段结尾的设问句，通过设问句引出的答案能找到答案位于本段的开头句。 |
Question 37（单选题）
| 关键词 | What method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fairy tales? |
| 原文出处 | Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time. (上一段)…a process called ‘phylogenetic analysis’. Tehrani has used the same approach to compare related versions of fairy tales… |
| 同义替换 | test = explore different forms of the same basic story =related versions |
| 答案 |
B 2）通过对上一段文字的分析，得出这个方法是将相同故事的不同版本做比较，因此答案为B 3）指代关系是雅思阅读的重要考点 |
Question 38（单选题）
| 关键词 | When discussing Tehrani’s views, Jack Zipes suggests that |
| 原文出处 | Jack Zipes at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, is unconvinced by Tehrani’s view on fairy tales. ‘Even if they’re gruesome, they won’t stick unless they matter,‘ he says. |
| 同义替换 | stick = survive matter = have a deeper significance |
| 答案 | D 此题考的是Jack的观点，因此找到原文的观点句就找到了答案。通过Even if之后的引用的句子得到，他的观点是除非他们重要，否则这些故事也不会流传下来，因此答案选D，stick在这里的意思有持续，流传的意思 |
Question 39（单选题）
| 关键词 | Why does Tehrani refer to Chinese and Japanese fairy tales? |
| 原文出处 | But Tehrani points out that although this is often the case in Western versions, it is not always true elsewhere. In Chinese and Japanese versions, often known as The Tiger Grandmother, the villain is a woman, and in both Iran and Nigeria, the victim is a boy. |
| 同义替换 | 原词重现 |
| 答案 | A 此题问的是为何要引用中日童话故事，由国家名字能很快定位到原文，但原文的中国，日本之后文字主要是对这些国家的故事版本的描述，并不是Tehrani引用的目的，因此，答案主要和定位点之前的文字有关，之前的文字提到：尽管在欧洲如此，但在其他地方并不是这样。通过对although, it is not always true 的使用，表达出Tehrani对Jack的观点的否认，因此我们能确定答案为A， |
Question 40（单选题）
| 关键词 | What does Mathias Clasen believe about fairy tales? |
| 原文出处 | Clasen believes that scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real danger… |
| 同义替换 | scary = fear without having to experience = a safe way |
| 答案 | A 此题较简单，通过人名定位到最后一句话，原文说到teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to experience real danger, 意思是说教会我们什么是恐惧的感觉，但又不需要经历真正的危险，因此选出答案为A |
