大家好，今天解析的是剑桥14的T2P3，这篇阅读相对难度较高，段落标题配对的正确率关系到能否拿到7+的分数，大家要注意解析中红色部分的重点提示，多加注意。
下面解析开始
整体分析
| 标题 | Why companies should welcome disorder |
| 题型 | 段落标题配对（27-34）、单句填空（35-37）、判断题（38-40） |
| 难度 | ★★★★☆ |
段落分析
|
段落标题配对 |
单句填空 |
判断题 |
|
| A段 |
27 |
35, 36 |
/ |
| B段 |
28 |
37 |
/ |
| C段 |
29 |
/ |
/ |
| D段 |
30 |
/ |
38 |
| E段 |
31 |
/ |
/ |
| F段 |
32 |
/ |
39 |
| G段 |
33 |
/ |
40 |
| H段 |
34 |
/ |
/ |
题目详解
Question 27（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | VI What people are increasingly expected to do |
| 原文出处 | We have more strategies for time management, project management and self-organization than at any other time in human history. We are told that we ought to organize our company, our life, our week, our day …… |
| 同义替换 | be expected to = be told to |
| 此题重点 |
1) 不要用段落总结的方式解List of Heading!
正确选项与原文当中一定存在多处替换关系，因此要以选项为出发点，返回到原文中找到相关的文字，此法被称作”反推法”
2) 选项中are increasingly expected to do 意思是人们不断的被期望(注意被动语态)做到…，原文多次提到we have more …, we are told that we ought to…，essentially teaching people how to organize well 这些文字都能与选项对应
3) 做带有段落标题的文章时，建议选答案之前对段落进行1分钟左右的略读
|
Question 28（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | I Complaints(注意复数s) about the impact of a certain approach |
| 原文出处 | Ironically, however, ①the number of business that fail has also steadily increased. ②Work-ralated stress has increased. ③A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed. |
| 同义替换 | impact = fail / stress / dissatisfied |
| 此题重点 |
1) 复数的细节配对是雅思阅读的高分技巧之一 2）Complaints（复数考点）对应的是原文中①②③ 的文字，相似考法还有可能是并列关系、分类列举 3）a certain approach一个特定的方法指代的是上一段的提高组织能力 |
Question 29（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | III Early recommendations concerning business activities |
| 原文出处 | Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers of scientific management. Writing in the first half of the 20th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process, …… |
| 同义替换 | early = forefathers / first half of the 20th century |
| 此题重点 |
1）此题较简单，注意复数考点，early和时间之间的替换即可 2）business activities 可以对应原文中的 work process |
Question 30（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | II Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect |
| 原文出处 | New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided. |
| 同义替换 | incorrect = misguided |
| 此题重点 |
1）this obsession with efficiency 指代前文（上一段）当中提到的a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process. 此句可以对应选项中的fundamental beliefs。原文接下来提到的misguided 对应的是选项中的incorrect 2）指代关系是雅思阅读的重要考点 |
Question 31（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | IX Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages |
| 原文出处 | Some argue that in a business, if the cost of formally structuring something outweighs the benefit of doing it, then that thing ought not to be formally structured. |
| 同义替换 |
disadvantage = cost advantage = benefit more … than = outweigh |
| 此题重点 |
1）选项中提到某种方法的缺点会多于优点，所对应的原文的文字是如果代价超出了好处，则不应该去构建这件事情。选项当中的evidence 对应的是原文中段落开头提到的recent studies show that… 2）比较（或并列）关系是雅思阅读的重要考点 |
Question 32（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | VII How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible |
| 原文出处 | These environments can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments (filled with bottlenecks in terms of information flow, power structures, rules, and routines) would never be reached. |
| 同义替换 |
achieve = reach outcomes = solutions impossible = never |
| 此题重点 |
1）此题选项意思是如何达到目前并不可能的结果，原文中，conventionally structured environments （传统方式构建的环境）指的是目前的环境，这两句话之间的同义替换需要有很强的理解能力。 2）建议从currently impossible入手，选项中的impossible带有强烈否定语气，这种词在原文中更容易被发现，可以先以此对应上原文的never be reached，再通过原文上下文确定剩余细节。 |
Question 33（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | IV Organizations(注意复数) that put a new approach into practice |
| 原文出处 | In recent times companies have slowly started to embrace this disorganization. Many of them embrace it in terms of perception (embracing the idea of disorder, as opposed to fearing it) and in terms of process (putting mechanisms in place to reduce structure). |
| 同义替换 |
organizations = companies practice = process |
| 此题重点 |
1）此题可以利用选项中的复数名词organizations 对应上原文的companies，再在附近寻找其他细节。 2）put a new approach into practice 意思是将一种新方法投入实践，此处a new approach 在原文用到的词是 this disorganization(this 指代前段原文中的devoid of structure, 去掉组织 )。into practice 投入实践，在原文中做出同义替换的是embrace it in terms of perception and in terms of process, 在意识上和在流程上接受。 3) 复数的细节配对是雅思阅读的高分技巧之一 |
Question 34（段落标题配对）
| 关键词 | VIII Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement |
| 原文出处 | the evidence so far suggests disorder, much like order, also seems to have diminishing utility, and can also have detrimental effects on performance if overused. …… This research also shows that we should continually question whether or not our existing assumptions work. |
| 同义替换 | 无明显替换词，考察上下文理解 / 句子的整体替换 |
| 此题重点 |
1）选项意思说的是两个方法都无法确保持续的进步，注意neither的用法，是两个都不的意思，其中隐藏表达了原文应该是”2个”对象 2）原文的disorder, order 为选项中的2个对象 3）we should continually question（v. 质疑，这里可以理解为去确定）whether or not existing assumptions（指代两个猜想disorder, order） work (v. 起作用，可以理解为guarantees improvement) |
Question 35（单句填空）
| 关键词 | Numerous training sessions are aimed at people who feel they are not ___________ enough. |
| 原文出处 | We are told that we ought to organize our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this |
| 同义替换 |
numerous = countless training sessions = seminars / workshops people = a paying public |
| 此题重点 |
答案 productive 1）此题用到了相当多的同义替换，可迅速定位到相关文字 2）此题考察了指代关系的用法，this 指代的是前文的内容，因此答案应该往前一句寻找 3）答案的词性应该为形容词，题干中是not enough, 不够____, 原文对应的是become more变得更____, 因此能锁定productive这个词为答案 4）指代关系是雅思阅读的重要考点 |
Question 36（单句填空）
| 关键词 | Being organized appeals to people who regard themselves as _________. |
| 原文出处 | This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right. |
| 同义替换 |
being organized = get everything right self-proclaimed = regard themselves as |
| 此题重点 |
答案 perfectionists 1）此题原文有较多生词，但原理简单，题目只需要抓住people who regard themselves as 这个点，就能预测到答案必须是填一种人 2）-ist 结尾的单词都和people有关 3）regard someone as 把某人认为是…… |
Question 37（单句填空）
| 关键词 | Many people feel ________ with aspects of their work. |
| 原文出处 | A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed. |
| 同义替换 |
many = a large proportion of people = workers |
| 此题重点 |
答案 dissatisfied 1）此题较简单，注意feel之后要加形容词，因此答案为形容词 2）aspects 方面，用了复数s，原文替换的是the way their work is structured and the way they are managed |
Question 38（判断题）
| 关键词 | Both businesses and people aim at order without really considering its value. |
| 原文出处 | The result is that businesses and people spend time and money organizing themselves for the sake of organizing, rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort. |
| 同义替换 |
without = rather than really = actually value = end goal / usefulness |
| 此题重点 |
答案 TRUE 1）此题较简单，可以通过business and people 原词定位到答案出处 2）without really considering its value 意思是没有真正考虑到它的价值，原文的写法是rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness, 而不是真的寻找最终目标和有效性，因此答案为TRUE |
Question 39（判断题）
| 关键词 | Innovation is most successful if the people involved have distinct roles. |
| 原文出处 | In fact, research shows that, when innovating, the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and enable everyone involved to engage as one organic group. |
| 同义替换 |
most successful = best approach people involved = everyone involved |
| 此题重点 |
答案 FALSE 1）题目中出现的most successful 带有极端频率，原文与best approach的频率对应 2）此题必须注意if 条件（或因果）关系，在判断题中，如果同一件事情有不同的条件（或因果）关系，则答案选FALSE 3）题目提到创新最成功的的条件是人们要具有不同的角色，原文的条件是创造一个脱离了组织和等级的环境，并使人们作为一个有机的团体，因此产生了条件上的矛盾 |
Question 40（判断题）
| 关键词 | Google was inspired to adopt flexibility by the success of General Electric. |
| 原文出处 | Google and a number of other tech companies have embraced (at least in part) these kinds of flexible structures, facilitated by technology and strong company values which glue people together. |
| 同义替换 | embrace = adopt |
| 此题重点 |
答案 NOT GIVEN 1）题目中的Google和General Electric能够在原文中快速定位 2）题目中的flexibility 在原文中以原词重现（有词性的变动） 3）题目提到Google从General Electric的成功当中受到了启发，但原文中提到了Google，也提到了General Electric，但并没有说到过启发这条重要信息，也无法通过上下文推断出这个关系，因此答案为NOT GIVEN 4）判断题当中，名词的重现不能作为逻辑思维的判断依据，动词或形容词的对应及替换是正确解题的关键 |
