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C14P1T3
整体分析
| 标题 | Motivational factors and the hospitality industry |
| 题型 | 人名配对（27-31）、判断题（32-35）、总结填空（36-40） |
| 难度 | ★★★☆☆ |
段落分析
|
人名配对 |
判断题 |
总结填空 |
|
| 第一段 |
/ |
||
| 第二段 |
/ |
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| 第三段 |
29 |
/ |
/ |
| 第四段 |
31 |
32 |
/ |
| 第五段 |
28，30 |
/ |
/ |
| 第六段 |
/ |
33 |
/ |
| 第七段 |
/ |
||
| 第八段 |
27 |
/ |
/ |
| 第九段 |
/ |
34 |
/ |
| 第十段 |
/ |
||
| 第十一段 |
/ |
/ |
36，37，38，39，40 |
| 第十二段 |
/ |
35 |
/ |
题目详解
Question 27（人名配对）
| 关键词 | Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain. |
| 原文出处 | ……(Enz and Siguaw, 2000). This implies that it is beneficial for hotel managers to understand what practices are most favorable to increase employee satisfaction and retention. |
| 同义替换 | staff = employee encourage … to remain = increase retention |
| 此题重点 | 答案：E 1) this 在原文中指代前文中Enz and Siguaw 的观点。 2）encourage good staff to remain 鼓励好的员工留下来， 原文相关文字是increase employee satisfaction and retention，考察了retention的意思。 3）good staff 好的员工，原文并没有省略，对应的应该为this指代关系之前的本段第一句话的末尾处 …to develop HRM practices that enable them to inspire and retain competent employees. （称职的员工） 4) 指代关系是雅思阅读的重要考点。 |
Question 28, 30（人名配对）
| 关键词 | 28. The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn’t move to a different employer. 30. Staff are less likely to change jobs if cooperation is encouraged. |
| 原文出处 | Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. |
| 同义替换 | 28. actions = provide recognition + motivate employees + remove obstacles shouldn’t move to a different employer = stay with the company 30. less likely to change jobs = stay with the company cooperation is encouraged = motivate to work together |
| 此题重点 | 答案: 28 D 30 D 1）这2题较简单，主要考察同义词替换 2）题干当中的复数名词是雅思阅读的高分细节之一，原文通常会用列举、并列的方式来替换。 例如28题的actions，原文对应的是3个并列的具体行动 |
Question 29（人名配对）
| 关键词 | Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills. |
| 原文出处 |
Pfeffer(1994) emphasizes that in order to succeed in a global business environment, organizations must make investment in Human Resource Management (HRM) to allow them to acquire employees who possess better skills and capabilities than their competitors. This investment will be to their competitive advantage. Despite this recognition of the importance of employee development, the hospitality industry has historically been dominated by underdeveloped HR practices (Lucas, 2002). |
| 同义替换 | improve skills = better skills little is done = dominated by underdeveloped HR practices |
| 此题重点 | 答案：B 此题较难 1）题干意思是说在酒店行业中，几乎没有措施是能帮助员工们提升技能的。 2）Pfeffer这个人物的出现具有干扰性，他提出了酒店应该要提升员工的技能（better skill），从文字上等同于题干所说的improve their skill，很容易形成干扰。注意在定位过程中务必对应2处以上的细节，在此题中，该处文字并未提到little is done，因此不能作为答案出处。 3）Despite转折关系是此题关键，Lucas的观点提出：尽管这样的想法大家都认可，但是这个行业长期以来在人力资源实践上就是不发达的。此转折与题干中的Little is done相符合。 4）转折关系是雅思阅读重要考点。 |
Question 31（人名配对）
| 关键词 | Dissatisfaction with pay is not the only reason why hospitality workers change jobs. |
| 原文出处 | In addition, or maybe as a result, high employee turnover has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008) |
| 同义替换 | employee turnover = change jobs pay = compensation |
| 此题重点 | 答案: C 1）compensation的意思有补偿，补贴，和pay可替换 2）among 是在……其中的意思，因此此句话上下文的意思与题干中的not the only reason 相符合。 |
Question 32（判断题）
| 关键词 | One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale. |
| 原文出处 | Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008) |
| 同义替换 | compromised = poor |
| 此题重点 | 答案：YES 此题原理简单，考单词量 1）among the many cited reasons are … 代表各种原因会列举在之后 2) compromised adj. 妥协的；妥协让步的，缺乏抵抗力的 |
Question 33（判断题）
| 关键词 | Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace. |
| 原文出处 | While it seems likely that employees’ reactions to their job characteristics could be affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis (Spector et al., 2000) |
| 同义替换 | staff = employee tendency = predisposition dislike their workplace = view their work environment negatively |
| 此题重点 | 答案: NO 1) 此题主要考察同义词替换和转折关系 2）题干和原文有相当多的同义词替换，如果善于利用，能精确定位到出题点 3）While是尽管的意思，代表下文会出现观点上的转折，是此题的关键 4）predisposition n. 倾向；素质 |
Question 34（判断题）
| 关键词 | An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs. |
| 原文出处 | These include working conditions and job security. When these factors are unfavorable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008). |
| 同义替换 | 原词重现 |
| 此题重点 |
答案：NO 2）原文首先说到当这些条件unfavourable（使人不满意的）的时候，会造成对工作的不满意，之后用到though转折，提到仅仅fulfilling（满足）了这些要求并不会使员工有满足感，因此得出答案为FALSE |
Question 35（判断题）
| 关键词 | Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day. |
| 原文出处 | Those particularly appropriate to the hospitality industry include allowing adequate breaks during the working day, staff functions that involve families, and providing health and well-being opportunities. |
| 同义替换 | 原词重现 |
| 此题重点 | 答案：NOT GIVEN 1）题目提到take breaks during the working day, 原文有相关信息，容易造成干扰 2）此题关键为题目中所说的”员工应该被允许选择何时休息”这条信息，但是原文中并无相关信息，因此答案为NOT GIVEN |
Question 36-40（总结填空）
| 关键词 | Tews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of 36__________. They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their 37 ___________, and that management involvement led to lower staff 38___________. They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company’s 39__________ and the 40 _________ of the staff. A balance was required between a degree of freedom and maintaining work standards. |
| 原文出处 | For example, Tews, Michel and Stafford conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants(36) in the United States. It was found that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance(37) and manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover(38). Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with bothorganizational goals(39) and employee characteristics(40). |
| 同义替换 | carry out = conduct research = study improve = favorable impact reducing = lower fit with = align with |
| 此题重点 | 答案在原文中已标出 此填空题较简单，题干和原文用到了相当多的同义词替换 1）Summary大多数在原文中集中出题 2）并列关系是雅思阅读的重要考点 |
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